Rite of Christian Initiation of Adults{RCIA}
The Rite of Christian Initiation of Adults (RCIA), or Ordo Initiationis Christianae Adultorum (OICA) is a process developed by the Catholic Church for prospective converts to Catholicism who are above the age of infant baptism. Candidates are gradually introduced to aspects of Catholic beliefs and practices. The basic process applies to adults and older children, with younger children initiated through an adapted version sometimes incorrectly referred to as the Rite of Christian Initiation of Children (RCIC).
Introduction
According to William Harmless, S.J., (1953-2014), when in 1972 the Vatican promulgated the Rite of Christian Initiation of Adults (RCIA) it showed unexpected radicalism.The true goal of the document was a reversion of a thousand years of initiatory practice and attitude of the Western Church. Ralph Keifer described it as a liturgical revolution, "under the aegis of an ecumenical council, with the approval of the Roman see, and over the signature of the Roman pontiff, the primary rites of initiation . . . have been turned upside down and inside out, heralding a cry to begin a reform and renewal of the most radical sort.William Harmless pointed out that the whole project can be easily tamed, watered down, or ignored as it introduces things radically different from many of the Church's inherited liturgical, pastoral, and catechetical habits. He notices also that the document gives only the barest outline and needs to be completed by a thorough research of the practice of the Fathers of the Church who were experts in the field of Christian initiation.
The ideal is for there to be an RCIA process available in every Roman Catholic Parish. Those who want to join an RCIA group should aim to attend one in the parish where they live.
For those who join an RCIA process it is a period of reflection, prayer, instruction, discernment, and formation. There is no set timetable and those who join the process are encouraged to go at their own pace, taking as much time as they need. Although the average process generally takes between eight and twelve months, it can take up to two or more years for some individuals. Those who enter the process are expected to begin attending Mass on a Sunday, attend a weekly RCIA session, and to become increasingly involved in the activities of their local parish.
The RCIA process should be overseen throughout every period and step by the local parish pastor, clergy and/or religious. However, the week-to-week administration of the process, including its teaching element, is increasingly being undertaken by lay Catholic Catechists
Outline of the RCIA Process
This outline is based upon the Rite of Christian Initiation of Adults (RCIA) approved for use in the Archdiocese of the Kaduna, Nigeria which includes additional rites for various circumstances and combinations.
Period of Evangelization and Precatechumenate
This is also known as the Period of Inquiry. During this period, teaching is given to people who are interested in learning more about the Catholic Faith. The sessions cover basic information about the Faith and fundamentally communicate the Gospel of Jesus Christ. The church is offering here an invitation to initial conversion. There is no obligation involved in attending these meetings—they are intended to help a person decide whether they want to continue learning about the Faith. Attendees at this stage are known as Inquirers.
◊ First Step: Acceptance into the Order of Catechumens
Inquirers who wish continue on to the period of The Order of Catechumens. Adults enter this Rite known as 'Inquirers' and leave as ‘Catechumens'.
The Rite of Acceptance may take place throughout the year. By this time, Catechumens must have in mind someone who would be willing to “sponsor” them, usually practicing Catholics whom they know. The duties of a sponsor are to journey with them through the process, and provide a compelling witness in matters of faith.
This is a very significant step, so much so that for Catechumens (unbaptized): ”One who dies during the Catechumenate receives a Christian burial.”
This is the first rite that takes place at the beginning of a Sunday Mass in front of the parish community. The outline of this Rite is as follows:
Receiving the Candidates
- Greeting (perhaps with the RCIA te acher knocking at the door of the church and asking the congregation to allow the Catechumens to enter)
- Open Dialogue
- Candidates' First Acceptance of the Gospel Affirmation by the Sponsors and the Assembly
- Signing of the Candidates with the Cross:
- – Signing of the Forehead
- – [Signing of the Other Senses] - optional
- – Concluding Prayer
- Invitation to the Celebration of the Word of God
The mass then goes on as normal with: Liturgy of the Word
- Instruction
- Readings
- Homily [Presentation of a Bible] - optional
- Intercessions for the Catechumens
- Prayer over the Catechumens
At this point a new portion is added
- Dismissal of the Catechumens
From this point until their baptisms, c atechumensare dismissed after the liturgy of the word when they attend Mass at the parish at which they had the Rite of Acceptance. This is to make the process feel more like it was in the early church, when Christian converts were dismissed before communion before their baptism, which might have taken years to prepare for, to make the communion more meaningful.
◊ The Rite of Welcoming the Candidates
Inquirers who have already been validly baptized in a non-Catholic ecclesial community or baptized Catholic but not catechized as a child (have not received first Eucharist), are welcomed to this next stage via the Rite of Welcoming the Candidates. They enter this Rite known as 'Candidates', and they are known by this title from now on. Their rite of acceptance often does not take place at the same time as the Catechumen’s rite of acceptance. The candidates’ rite generally takes place during Lent.
The outline of this Rite is as follows:
Receiving the Candidates
- Salutation
- Opening Dialogue
- Candidates' Declaration Of Intent
- Affirmation by the Sponsors and the Assembly
- Signing of the Candidates with the Cross:
- – Signing of the Forehead
- – [Signing of the Other Senses] - optional
- – Concluding Prayer
The Mass then continues as normal: Liturgy of the Word
- Instruction
- Readings
- Homily
- [Presentation of a Bible] - optional
- Profession of Faith
- General Intercessions
(At this point there is a special prayer over the candidates)
- [Dismissal of the Assembly] - if the Eucharist is not to be celebrated
Liturgy of the Eucharist
Unlike Catechumens, candidates are never dismissed during the Mass.
◊ The Combined Rite
Where there are both unbaptized and baptized Inquirers in a Parish there is the option of a combined Rite at this stage. This Rite is formally known as The (Combined) Celebration of the Rite of Acceptance into the Order of Catechumens and the Rite of Welcoming Baptized but Previously Uncatechized Adults Who are Preparing for Confirmation and/or Eucharist or Reception into the Full Communion of the Catholic Church.
The outline of this Rite is as follows:
Receiving the Candidates
- Greeting
- Opening Dialogue with Candidates for the Catechumenate and with the Candidates for Post-baptismal Catechesis
- Catechumens' First Acceptance of the Gospel
- Candidates' Declaration of Intent
- Affirmation by the Sponsors and the Assembly
- Signing of the Catechumens and of the Candidates with the Cross:
- – Signing of the Forehead of the Catechumens
- – [Signing of the Other Senses of the Catechumens] - optional
- – Signing of the Forehead of the Candidates
- – [Signing of the Other Senses of the Candidates] - optional
- – Concluding Prayer
- Invitation to the Celebration of the Word of God
Liturgy of the Word
- Instruction
- Readings
- Homily
- [Presentation of a Bible] - optional
- Intercessions
- Prayer over the Catechumens and Candidates
- Dismissal of the Catechumens
Liturgy of the Eucharist
These Rites delineate the transition between the Period of Inquiry into the Period of the Catechumenate. The Rites take place when the members of the local Church are gathered together for the Eucharistic celebration
Period of the Catechumenate
A Catechumen (from Latin catechumenus, Greek κατηχουμενος , instructed) is one receiving instruction in the principles of the Christian religion with a view to baptism. It is for this reason that those who are already validly baptized in another Christian Faith are not known as Catechumens, but rather Candidates.
The Catechumenate is an extended period during which the candidates are given suitable pastoral formation and guidance, aimed at training them in the Christian life.
This is achieved in four ways {paraphrased}:
- Suitable catechesis; solidly supported by celebrations of the Word.
- The Catechumens learning to:
- – Turn more readily to God in prayer
- – To bear witness to the Faith
- – In all things to keep their hopes set on Christ
- – To follow supernatural inspiration in their deeds
- – To practice the love of neighbour, even at the cost of self-renunciation
- Suitable liturgical rites, which purify the Catechumens little by little and strengthen them with God’s blessing; including celebrations of the Word.
- Learning to work actively with others to spread the Gospel.
From the Rite of Christian Initiation of Adults
The period of the Catechumenate is a time for:
- Continuing to build community within the group
- Getting more involved in parish activities, getting to know the parish community
- Learning about the basic teachings and beliefs of the Catholic Church
- Exploring important and foundational Scripture passages
More importantly, it is a time for:
- Continuing to examine God's presence in our lives, past and present
- Developing prayer life, entering into the communal worship of the parish
- Fostering conversion
- Developing or improving our relationship with God
Various Rites pertain to this period of instruction for those who are unbaptized (Catechumens):
- Celebrations of the Word of God
- Minor Exorcisms
- Blessings of the Catechumens
- Anointing of the Catechumens
- Presentations {Optional}
- Sending of the Catechumens for Election (a meeting with the Bishop of Catechumens from many Parishes throughout a Diocese) {Optional}
An optional Rite also pertains to this period for those who are baptized (Candidates):
- Rite of Sending the Candidates for Recognition by the Bishop and for the Call to Continuing Conversion
There is also a combined optional Rite if there are both Catechumens and Candidates in a Parish:
- Parish Celebration for Sending Catechumens for Election and Candidates for Recognition by the Bishop[or his delegate, or parish priest]
The conclusion of this Period leads onto the Rite of Election or Enrollment of Names for those who are unbaptized and the Rite of Calling the Candidates to Continuing Conversion for those who are baptized. This is a very significant and important step in the Rite of Christian Initiation of Adults. It is usually celebrated on the first Sunday of Lent at the local diocesan cathedral, led by the local Bishop. All of the Catechumens and Candidates, their Godparents (for Catechumens), and Sponsors (for Catechumens and Candidates) gather together on this day. which may involve hundreds hundreds of people. The Church formally ratifies the Catechumens' readiness for the Sacraments of Initiation and the Candidates' readiness to be received into full Communion with the Catholic Church. In turn the Catechumens – from now on known as the Elect – publicly acknowledge their desire to receive the Sacraments of Initiation, and the Candidates' their desire to be received into full Communion with the Catholic Church.
◊ Second Step: Election or Enrollment of Names
The outline of this Rite is as follows:
Liturgy of the Word
- Homily
- Presentation of the Catechumens
- Affirmation by the Godparents [and the Assembly]
- Invitation and Enrollment of Names
- Act of Admission or Election
- Intercessions for the Elect
- Prayer over the Elect
- Dismissal of the Elect
Liturgy of the Eucharist
This rite does not have to be a full Mass. In this case, there is no liturgy of the Eucharist, and thus no dismissal of the elect.
◊ Rite of Calling the Candidates to Continuing Conversion
The outline of this rite is as follows :
Liturgy of the Word
- Homily
- Presentation of the Candidates for Confirmation and Eucharist
- Affirmation by the Sponsors [and the Assembly]
- Act of Recognition
- General Intercessions
- Prayer over the Candidates
- [Dismissal of the Assembly] – if the Eucharist is not to be celebrated
Liturgy of the Eucharist
◊ The Combined Rite
Where there are both Catechumens (unbaptized) and Candidates (baptized) in a Diocese there is the option of a combined Rite at this stage. This Rite is formally known as The (Combined) Celebration of the Rite of Election of Catechumens and the Call to Continuing Conversion of Candidates Who are Preparing for Confirmation and/or Eucharist or Reception into the Full Communion of the Catholic Church.
The outline of this Rite is as follows:
Celebration of Election
- Presentation of the Catechumens
- Affirmation by the Godparents [and the Assembly]
- Invitation and Enrollment of Names
- Act of Admission or Election
Celebration of the Call to Continuing Conversion
- Presentation of the Candidates
- Affirmation by the Sponsors [and the Assembly]
- Act of Recognition
- Intercessions for the Elect and the Candidates
- Prayer over the Elect and the Candidates
- Dismissal of the Elect
Liturgy of the Eucharist
Period of Purification and Enlightenment
This period tends to correspond with Lent and is intended to be a period of increased discernment and coming closer to God. The aim of this period is to eliminate what is weak and sinful, and affirm what is holy. During this period the Elect undertake a number of Rites, including the Scrutinies and Presentations:
The outlines of these Rites are as follows:
» First Scrutiny (3rd Sunday of Lent) :
Liturgy of the Word
- Readings
- Homily
- Invitation to Private Prayer
- Intercessions for the Elect
- Exorcism
- Dismissal of the Elect
Liturgy of the Eucharist
» The Presentation of the Creed (3rd Week of Lent) :
Liturgy of the Word
- Readings
- Homily
- Presentation of the Creed
- Prayer over the Elect
- Dismissal of the Elect
Liturgy of the Eucharist
» Second Scrutiny (4th Sunday of Lent) :
Liturgy of the Word
- Readings
- Homily
- Invitation to Private Prayer
- Intercessions for the Elect
- Exorcism
- Dismissal of the Elect
Liturgy of the Eucharist
» Third Scrutiny (5th Sunday of Lent):
Liturgy of the Word
- Readings
- Homily
- Invitation to Private Prayer
- Intercessions for the Elect
- Exorcism
- Dismissal of the Elect
Liturgy of the Eucharist
» The Presentation of the Lord's Prayer (ideally the 5th Week of Lent) :
Liturgy of the Word
- Readings
- Homily
- Gospel (Presentation of the Lord’s Prayer)
- Homily
- Prayer over the Elect
- Dismissal of the Elect
Liturgy of the Eucharist
» Preparation Rites on Holy Saturday :
-
- - Recitation of the Creed
- - Ephphetha
- - Choosing a Baptismal Name
- - Concluding Rites
The Candidates meanwhile prepare for the Sacrament of Reconciliation with an optional Penitential Rite Scrutiny. This takes place on the 2nd Sunday of Lent.
◊ The Easter Vigil
At the Easter Vigil the celebration of the sacraments of initiation takes place, Baptism, Confirmation, and Holy communion; if one is a candidate, confession will already have been made prior to the vigil. The Elect celebrate all of these while the Candidates (having already been baptized) only celebrate Confirmation and the Eucharist. The Elect are now called Neophytes, and they are considered to be full members of the Christian faithful.
The Rites used to confer these Sacraments are outlined below. These Rites can also be celebrated outside of the Easter Vigil, however, this should be exceptional for the unbaptized. The circumstances for the baptized candidates are more flexible. At some college campuses that have spring breaks during Holy Week, initiation for both the baptized and the unbaptized is often done during the weeks after Easter, so more of the community can be present.
◊ Third Step: Celebration of the Sacraments of Initiation
The Celebration of the Sacraments of Initiation is the Rite undertaken by the Elect (unbaptized).
The outline of this Rite is as follows :
Liturgy of the Word
Celebration of Baptism
- Presentation of the Elect
- Invitation to Prayer
- Litany of the Saints
- Blessing of the Baptismal Waters
- Profession of Faith:
- Renunciation of Sin
- Profession of the Catholic Faith by the Catechumens and Candidates
- Baptism
- Explanatory Rites:
- - [Anointing after Baptism] - if Confirmation is separated from the Catechumen's Baptism
- - [Clothing with a Baptismal Garment] - optional
- - Presentation of a Lighted Candle
Celebration of Confirmation
- Invitation
- Laying on of Hands
- Anointing with Chrism
The confirmation can take place at the same time as the baptism, by anointing with the oil immediately after the pouring of the water.
Renewal of Baptismal Promises (at the Easter Vigil) for the congregation
- Invitation
- Renewal of Baptismal Promises:
- - Renunciation of Sin
- - Profession of Faith
- Sprinkling with Baptismal Water
Liturgy of the Eucharist
◊ The Rite of Reception of Baptized Christians into the full Communion of the Catholic Church.
The Rite of Reception of Baptized Christians into the full Communion of the Catholic Church is the Rite undertaken by the Candidates (baptized).
The outline of this Rite (within Mass) is as follows:
Liturgy of the Word
- Readings
- Homily
Celebration of Reception
- Invitation
- Profession of Faith
- Act of Reception
- [Confirmation]: - omitted if the Candidate has already been Confirmed
- - Laying on of Hands
- - Anointing with Chrism
- Celebrant’s Sign of Welcome
- General Intercessions
- Sign of Peace
Liturgy of the Eucharist
◊ The Combined Rite.
Where there are both Elect (unbaptized) and Candidates (baptized) in a Parish there is the option of a combined Rite at this stage. This Rite is formally known as The (Combined) Celebration at the Easter Vigil of the Sacraments of Initiation and of the Rite of Reception into the Full Communion of the Catholic Church.
The outline of this rite is as follows:
Service of Light
Liturgy of the Word
Celebration of Baptism
- Presentation of the Elect
- Invitation to Prayer
- Litany of the Saints
- Prayer over the Water
- Profession of Faith:
- - Renunciation of Sin
- - Profession of Faith
- Baptism
- Explanatory Rites
- - [Anointing after Baptism] - if Confirmation is separated from the Catechumen’s Baptism
- - [Clothing with a Baptismal Garment]- optional
- - Presentation of a Lighted Candle
Renewal of Baptismal Promises
- Invitation
- Renewal of Baptismal Promises:
- - Renunciation of Sin
- - Profession of Faith
- Sprinkling with Baptismal Water
Celebration of Reception
- Invitation
- Profession by the Candidates
- Act of reception
Celebration of Confirmation
- Invitation
- Laying on of Hands
- Anointing with Chrism
Liturgy of the Eucharist
A Strong Start in the Faith: The Catholic RCIA Stages
Thinking of joining the Roman Catholic Church? The Catholic RCIA stages are a good model of basic faith development. This article provides some detailed guidance for that process.
So, you’re developing your faith. Great! Is it a little overwhelming?
- Where to start?
- Why so many “stages” of initiation?
- What should I be doing in each stage?
- How will I know when I’m ready to move forward?
This article is your best starting point to answer these questions, and more. I will provide you with some fundamentals – centered in Christ – for beginning and developing your life of faith in the Roman Catholic Church.
Everything else builds on these fundamentals!
But…
Where do you begin?
Well, you just begin from where you are now!
Many adults entering the Catholic Church, or those just thinking about it, follow a process known as the RCIA – the Rite of Christian Initiation of Adults.
The RCIA process has several distinct stages. These Catholic RCIA stages are a good model of faith development itself, so this article will fit you whether or not you’re actually in the RCIA process.
- Inquiry: the initial period before you decide to enter the Catholic Church. You’re asking questions and checking it out, but aren’t yet ready to commit.
- Catechumenate: those who decide to enter the Church and are being trained for a life in Christ are called catechumens, an ancient name from the early Church. In this stage, you’re developing your faith and are being “catechized” – learning catechism, or the basic points about Catholic faith and life.
- Purification and preparation: The Church will help you focus and intensify your faith as you prepare you to commit your life to Christ and be received into the Church at Easter. If you’re following the RCIA process, you’ll go through a beautiful series of Gospel-based meditations during Lent, which is the time frame of this period.
- Initiation itself, the culmination of the whole process! You’re received into the Church during the Easter Vigil Mass, where you’ll receive the sacraments of initiation: baptism, confirmation, and Eucharist. (If you’ve already been baptized, you won’t be baptized again.)
- Mystagogy: after reception into the Church at Easter, this period lets you reflect and learn more about the mysteries of the Mass and the Sacraments that you now participate in fully.
Below is a discussion of each of these Catholic RCIA stages.
But first, some basics…
Laying a strong foundation
Faith will be the foundation of your life.
Make that foundation solid!
Go slowly, make sure you’ve developed the basics well. That will help you avoid discouragement and frustration, two big enemies of faith development.
Also be aware of the importance of orthodoxy in the information you receive. (“Orthodoxy” here means “accurate and faithful” teaching.)
Make sure that you’re satisfied with your own faith development in each of the Catholic RCIA stages before moving on to the next. Don’t let pressure from anyone else make you move on. Also watch out for calendar-based pressure – don’t say things like, “If I don’t start catechesis now, I won’t be done this Easter!” That’s the wrong basis for making a decision about your faith and your life!
I know, sometimes it seems like it takes a long time to work through all of the Catholic RCIA stages. But…
Don’t rush it!
RCIA stage 1: Just Looking
In the inquiry stage, you’re just finding out about Jesus, Christianity, and the Catholic Church.
Your main task here is to explore and develop your faith enough so you can make an informed initial decision about entering the Catholic Church. The final decision won’t come for a long time, when you actually enter the Church at Easter and receive the sacraments of initiation.
The RCIA inquiry stage has lots of detailed guidance for you during this stage.
Even if you are past the inquirer stage, you should still read that section to make sure you’ve covered the right ground. You’ll need to rely on that foundation later!
RCIA stage 2: Learning about the Faith
In the catechumenate, your faith has begun to develop. Now you need to learn and grow more.
You focus on catechesis in this stage: learning about the faith, how to live as a Christian, and developing your interior life.
Your job now is to come into closer contact with the Living God and learn more about the Catholic Faith.
RCIA stage 3: Getting ready for rebirth!
This period of purification and enlightenment is the final stage before receiving the Easter sacraments of initiation into the Church: baptism, confirmation, and Eucharist. (Those already baptized with a valid baptism in another Christian church aren’t baptized again.)
This stage of intense reflection calls you to deeper conversion in preparation for your renewal at Easter. This is what the season of Lent is for, but it has a special intensity for you this year as you’re entering the Church and receiving the sacraments of initiation.
The Church uses three profound and beautiful passages from the Gospel of John to focus this preparation effort.
RCIA stage 4: Reflecting on the mysteries of the Mass
This stage of mystagogy during Easter is for continued reflection on the sacraments you have received at Easter, especially the Eucharist.
Specific catechesis on the Mass, the Sacraments, and especially the Eucharist are the focus of this stage.
The Mass and the Eucharist are the “source and summit” of the Christian life in the Catholic Church, and this period is designed to help you understand, appreciate, and live more deeply this center of Catholicism.
That’s a good overview of the Catholic RCIA stages, with more than enough supplemental information to think about for a while!
Remember that the Catholic RCIA stages are a good model of basic faith development, so you can learn a lot from them even if you’re not in the RCIA process.
Rite of Christian Initiation of Adults
Each year on Holy Saturday during the Easter Vigil, thousands are baptized into the Catholic Church in the United States. Parishes welcome these new Catholics through the Rite of Christian Initiation of Adults (RCIA). Listed below are some questions and answers about RCIA.
What are the steps of RCIA?
Prior to beginning the RCIA process, an individual comes to some knowledge of Jesus Christ, considers his or her relationship with Jesus Christ and is usually attracted in some way to the Catholic Church. This period is known as the Period of Evangelization and Precatechumenate. For some, this process involves a long period of searching; for others, a shorter time. Often, contact with people of faith and a personal faith experience lead people to inquire about the Catholic Church. After a conversation with a priest, or RCIA director, the person, known as an "inquirer," may seek acceptance into the Order of Catechumens, through the Rite of Acceptance. During this Rite, the inquirer stands amidst the parish community and states that he or she wants to become a baptized member of the Catholic Church. The parish assembly affirms this desire and the inquirer becomes a Catechumen.
The Period of the Catechumenate can last for as long as several years or for a shorter time. It depends on how the person is growing in faith, what questions they encounter along the way, and how God leads them on this journey. During this time, the Catechumens consider what God is saying to them in the Scriptures, what changes in their life they need to make to respond to God's inspiration, and what Baptism in the Catholic Church means. When a Catechumen and the priest and the parish team working with him or her believes the person is ready to make a faith commitment to Jesus in the Catholic Church, the next step is the request for baptism and the celebration of the Rite of Election. Even before the Catechumens are baptized, they have a special relationship to the Church.
The Rite of Election includes the enrollment of names of all the Catechumens seeking baptism at the coming Easter Vigil. Typically, on the first Sunday of Lent, the Catechumens, their sponsors and families gather at the cathedral church. The Catechumens publicly express their desire for baptism to the diocesan bishop. Their names are recorded in a book and they are called the Elect.
The days of Lent are the final Period of Purification and Enlightenment leading up to the Easter Vigil. Lent is a period of preparation marked by prayer, study, and spiritual direction for the Elect, and prayers for them by the parish communities. The Celebration of the Sacraments of Initiation takes place during the Easter Vigil Liturgy on Holy Saturday when the Elect receives the sacraments of Baptism, Confirmation and Holy Eucharist. Now the person is fully initiated into the Catholic Church.
As a newly initiated Catholic, they continue their formation and education continue in the Period of the Post Baptismal Catechesis, which is also called Mystagogy. This period continues at least until Pentecost. During the period the newly baptized members reflect on their experiences at the Easter Vigil and continue to learn more about the Scriptures, the Sacraments, and the teachings of the Catholic Church. In addition they reflect on how they will serve Christ and help in the Church's mission and outreach activities.
What is meant by coming into full communion with the Church?
Coming into full communion with the Catholic Church describes the process for entrance into the Catholic Church for already baptized Christians. In most cases, these individuals make a profession of faith but are not baptized again. To prepare for this reception, the people, who are called Candidates, usually participate in a formation program to help them understand and experience the teachings and practices of the Catholic Church. Although some preparation may be with Catechumens preparing for baptism, the preparation for Candidates is different since they have already been baptized and committed to Jesus Christ, and many have also been active members of other Christian communities. The Candidates may be received into the Catholic Church at the Easter Vigil or at another Sunday during the year depending on pastoral circumstances and readiness of the Candidate.
What is the Easter Vigil on Holy Saturday like?
The Easter Vigil takes place on Holy Saturday, the evening before Easter Sunday. This is the night that "shall be as bright as day" as proclaimed by the Exsultet, an ancient church hymn as we joyfully anticipate Christ's Resurrection The Holy Saturday Liturgy begins with the Service of Light, which includes the blessing of the new fire and the Paschal candle which symbolizes Jesus, the Light of the World. The second part consists of the Liturgy of the Word with a series of Scripture readings. After the Liturgy of the Word, the Catechumens are presented to the parish community, who pray for them with the Litany of the Saints. Next, the priest blesses the water, placing the Easter or Paschal candle into the baptismal water. Those seeking Baptism then renounce sin and profess their faith after which they are baptized with the priest pronouncing the words, "I baptize you in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit."
After the Baptism the newly baptized are dressed in white garments and presented with a candle lighted from the Paschal Candle. They are then Confirmed by the priest or bishop who lays hands on their heads, and invokes the outpouring of the Holy Spirit. He then anoints them with the oil called Sacred Chrism. The Mass continues with the newly baptized participating in the general intercessions and in bringing gifts to the altar. At Communion, the newly baptized receive the Eucharist, Christ's Body and Blood, for the first time.
What does the white robe symbolize?
The newly baptized are dressed in a white garment after baptism to symbolize that they are washed clean of sin and that they are called to continue to walk in this newness of life.
What does the candle symbolize?
A small candle is lit from the Easter candle and given to the newly baptized as a reminder to them always to walk as children of the Light and to be the light of Christ to the world.
What does the Sacred Chrism symbolize?
The Sacred Chrism, or oil, is a sign of the gift of the Holy Spirit being given to the newly baptized. It is also a sign of the close link between the mission of Jesus and the outpouring of the Holy Spirit, who comes to the recipient with the Father in Baptism.
Why was this ancient rite restored?
It was restored in the Church to highlight the fact that the newly baptized are received into a community of faith, which is challenged to realize that they too have become different because of this new life in the community.
Is there a ceremony or preparation for Catholics who never or seldom have practiced the faith?
For Catholics who have been Baptized, Confirmed and made First Communion but then drifted from the faith, the way they return is through the Sacrament of Penance. Catholics who were baptized but never received Confirmation and/or Eucharist also participate in a period of formation. This process of formation is completed with the reception of the Sacraments of Confirmation and Holy Communion often at the Easter Vigil or during the Easter Season.
What is the role of a godparent for an adult being baptized?
Prior to the Rite of Election, theCatechumen may choose one or two godparents, who will accompany the Catechumen on the day of Election, at the celebration of the Sacraments of Initiation, and during the Period of Mystagogy. They are called to show the Catechumens good example of the Christian life, sustain them in moments of hesitancy and anxiety, bear witness, and guide their progress in the baptismal life.
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An Overview of the Rite of Christian Initiation of Adults (RCIA)
What is RCIA?
The Rite of Christian Initiation for Adults, or RCIA, is a communal process for formal initiation of new members into the Catholic Church. This process is a return to the formation of the earliest members of the Church in the first and second centuries.
RCIA can be described as a process in which participants "undergo conversion as they study the Gospel, profess faith in Jesus and the Catholic Church, and receive the Sacraments of Initiation, namely: Baptism, Eucharist and Confirmation respectively. The RCIA process follows the ancient practice of the Church and was restored by the Second Vatican Council as the normal way adults prepare for baptism."
Likewise, the language used in the RCIA process is that of the early church formation programmes.
Catechumens : Catechumens are those people who are seeking full initiation into the Catholic Church through all of the Sacraments of Initiation – Baptism, Eucharist and Confirmation. Candidates: Candidatdes are people who have been baptised in a Christian tradition but are seeking initiation into the Catholic Church through Eucharist and Confirmation.
All are Welcome!
RCIA is a process of study, exploration, faith sharing, and faith formation with specific liturgical rites for seekers and inquirers.
Who are the Seekers and Inquirers? Seekers and inquirers are non-baptised adults who desire to be fully initiated into the Roman Catholic Church and/or baptised adult Christians who desire full communion in the Roman Catholic Church.
Adults or older children who have not been baptised and desire to join the Church are invited into the ancient celebration of the Rites of Christian Initiation of Adults. During this process, which is marked by regular ritual acts, participants are introduced to the liturgy, the teachings, and the life of the Catholic Church.
Adults or older children who were baptised in another Christian denomination prepare in a similar way for the sacraments of Confirmation and the Eucharist during their reception into the Catholic Church.
RCIA is a Journey
The Rite of Christian Initiation for Adults is a process that proceeds over weeks and months. For practical and pastoral reasons, it lasts for eighteen(18) months, that is, one and half year(s) here in the Archdiocese of Kaduna. Within these eighteen months, the Catechumens must have journeyed through the entire Liturgical calendar namely: Advent Season, Christmas Season, Ordinary Time and Lenten Season It has several steps:
Pre-Catechumenate
This is the earliest phase in the process; it is also known as the Period of Inquiry. Catechumens and Candidates acknowledge that Christ is calling them into the Church through the movement of the Holy Spirit. This is a time for seeking and reflection.
Rite of Initiation
The first Rite in the RCIA process, the Rite of Initiation accepts new members into the worshipping community.
Catechumenate
Catechumenate is a time of learning and formation in the traditions and doctrine of the Catholic Church. This is a time for sharing stories, reading scripture, and studying the Church customs, traditions and doctrine. Participants also participate in worship services and various Church rituals. It is the longest part of the process. Technically, this step in the RCIA process is called ‘Catechetical’ period.
Rite of Election
Catechumens and Candidates are chosen to be received by the Bishop or the Parish Priest as the case may be and the community and receive the Sacraments of Initiation at Easter.
Sacraments of Initiation
At the Easter Vigil (Holy Saturday), all newly elected members of the community who have been journeying through the RCIA process are welcomed formally into the community of believers through receiving the Sacraments of Initiation – Baptism, Eucharist and Confirmation.
Mystagogy
This is a time of reflection and celebration after the formal reception into the Catholic Church. Mystagogia means “leading into the mystery” and it is a time to explore the deep mystery of our faith and go forth to help build the reign of God on earth as new members of the faithful.
RCIA Team
People journeying through the RCIA process need sponsors and communal support to help them grow in faith. The RCIA team of sponsors help guide, support and instruct those discerning whether to become members of our Catholic community. Team members share their faith with inquiring adults who are seeking more information about the Catholic Church, many of whom seek to celebrate one or more of the Sacraments of Initiation: Baptism, Eucharist and Confirmation.
RCIA – Frequently Asked Questions
What is RCIA?
The Rite of Christian Initiation of Adults is a restoration of an ancient process for incorporating unbaptized persons into Jesus Christ through the sacraments of Baptism, Confirmation, and Eucharist. The process was restored after the Second Vatican Council, but did not become widely available in theUnited States until late in the 1980s. The local Catholic bishop determines how RCIA will be administered in the parishes under his care. For more information, check out the page entitled “What is RCIA?”
Who needs to attend RCIA?
People who have not received the sacrament of Baptism must attend RCIA for an extended period — ideally, a year, and preferably longer. The length of the process depends greatly on your readiness for the reception of Baptism, Confirmation, and Eucharist.
I’m already baptized in another denomination. Do I need to attend RCIA?
That depends. The Catholic Church doesn’t rebaptize people who are already baptized. If you are baptized but never received any instruction in the faith, you should receive instruction now and finish any sacraments you didn’t complete. We strongly recommend RCIA, even if you have been well instructed in another faith tradition, since you will need to learn how the beliefs and practices you grew up with differ from the beliefs and practices of the Catholic Church. If you are a baptized and confirmed Catholic returning to the practice of the faith, you should talk to the pastor of the parish about how to proceed. We recommend that Catholics who have been away from the Church for many years (say, 10 or more) go through RCIA for the instruction.
I think I was baptized, but am not sure. What kind of information do I need to join RCIA?
If your church or congregation kept records, you’ll need to obtain a copy of your baptismal record — a certificate or a letter from the pastor there. Because locating records can be difficult or time-consuming, you should try to obtain these records as early in the process as possible. We must see these records to confirm your baptismal status before you’re received into the Church. If your church or congregation did not keep records or no longer exists, Your parish priest can make other arrangements [ Perhaps conditional baptism].
I’ve been divorced but am not remarried. Can I become Catholic?
Certainly. Unless you plan to marry, you do not need to obtain an annulment.
I’ve been divorced and am remarried, and my spouse is divorced and remarried. Can I become Catholic?
You and your current spouse need to begin the annulment process, and you should begin it as soon as possible even if your spouse is not considering entry into the Church. Please contact your parish priest for information on how to proceed. Of course, you can attend RCIA instructions while the annulment process is ongoing. But reception into the Church has to wait until the annulment process has been completed.
What’s the cut-off date for joining RCIA?
Currently, RCIA in the Archdiocese of Kaduna last for 18 months. Unbaptized persons who have had no previous religious instruction should join as early as possible, and are encouraged to take more than the 18 months period. If such people join late, they may be asked to wait until Easter of the following year.
How long does RCIA last?
Inquiry sessions (also known as Pre-Catechumenate) take place all year long. Inquiry is designed to help you decide whether you want to continue, since RCIA is a serious commitment. For information on meeting times and dates, consult your parish priest.
The Neophyte year is a “soak-in” period for new Catholics. Sessions meet monthly for a complete year after your reception into the Church. This is a time for you to consolidate what you have learned, and to explore more about life in the Catholic Church. All new Catholics who complete RCIA are urged to attend Neophyte year sessions.
My schedule doesn’t permit me to attend your sessions. What should I do?
There are a couple of options. We may be able to arrange catechesis in a private setting with a qualified parishioner. Also, other parishes meet at different times, and you may prefer to attend one of them. We can provide information on when and where other parishes in the area offer instruction.
I heard I need a sponsor in order to become Catholic. What is that, and how do I get one?
A sponsor is a practicing Catholic in good standing with the Church who accompanies you on your journey through RCIA. The sponsor has the job of helping you through the process, and of verifying at the main rites that you are ready to take the next step. For baptism, the sponsor is called a “godparent,” with more serious responsibilities toward the catechumen being sponsored.
In Kaduna Archdiocese, sponsors are expected to attend half of the sessions with the candidates they are sponsoring. If you know someone who meets these criteria, you can simply ask them to sponsor you. If you don’t know anyone, the parish will provide a sponsor for you.
I know who I want my sponsor to be, but that person doesn’t live locally and can’t attend sessions. Can that person still be my sponsor?
Yes. However, the parish will provide someone locally to represent that sponsor, accompany you on an ongoing basis and instructions and the rites with you. At the Easter Vigil, the sponsor you prefer will then stand in the local person’s place as your official sponsor
How old should a person be to attend RCIA?
Technically, old enough to understand what is being taught. For children of catechetical age (ages 7 to 14), the parish can provide catechists for their grade level. Depending on their level of maturity and interests, older teens (age 15 or above) would join the adult group.
RCIA SCHEDULE FOR PARISHES - 2019- 2020
Key Dates
First Sunday of Advent - December 1st, 2019
Ash Wednesday- February 26th, 2020
Easter Sunday – April 12th, 2020
Pentecost – May 31st, 2020
RITES
[Sponsors and Participants must attend all Rites]
Unbaptised Persons:
Rite of Acceptance into the Order of Catechumens – First Sunday of Advent, December 1st, 2019 during Sunday Mass
Rite of Election or Enrollment of Names – Saturday, February 29th, 2020
The Scrutinies: –
First Scrutiny –Sunday, March 15th, 2020 within Mass [Third Sunday of Lent]
Presentation of the Creed – Friday, March 20th, 2020 within Mass after the Homily
Second Scrutiny – Sunday, March 22nd, 2020 within Mass [Fourth Sunday of Lent or “Laetare” Sunday. Laetare means Rejoice]
Third Scrutiny – Sunday, March 29th, 2020 within Mass[Fifth Sunday of Lent]
Presentation of the Lord’s Prayer – Friday, April 3rd, 2020 during Mass
Retreat with final Rites of Preparation for Baptism – Holy Saturday, April 11th , 2020, at 9 am to 1 pm [If possible, kindly give the Catechumens lunch]
Baptism, Confirmation and First Holy Communion – Holy Saturday, April 11th, 2020, all in the night during Easter Vigil Mass in the presence of a community of the faithful
.
Baptised Persons:
Rite of Welcome – First Sunday of Advent, December 1st, 2019, 30 minutes prior to Mass
Call to Lenten Renewal – Saturday, March 29th, 2020
Retreat with First Reconciliation – Saturday, April 11th, 2020, at 9 am to 1 pm [If possible kindly give them lunch]
Profession of Faith, Confirmation and First Holy Communion – Holy Saturday, April 11th, 2020, all in the night during Easter Vigil Mass
Period of Mystagogia [Period of deepening of Faith or ongoing conversion for the newly baptised]. It begins April 12th, 2020 to May 31st, 2020 [Pentecost Sunday]
Suggested topics:
Date Topics
April 14th, 2020 Conversion: A Life Long Process
April 28th, 2020 Holiness and Prayer
May 5th, 2020 Making Big Decisions
May 12th, 2020 The Laity: Called to Build God’s Kingdom
May 19th, 2020 Evangelisation
May 30th, 2020 Retreat, at 9 am to 1 pm
May 31st, 2020 Pentecost Party for Participants in Parishes